Fraud Library

Phishing and smishing: the fake messages that steal your details

Emails and texts that copy real brands to steal passwords and card numbers. Industrial-scale kits make them more convincing than ever.

Fraud explainer·Last reviewed 8 Nov 2026

What it is

Phishing uses fake emails — and smishing fake text messages — that copy real organisations to trick you into clicking a link and entering passwords, card details or one-time codes on a fraudulent website.

How it works

  1. You receive a message about a parcel, unpaid toll, tax refund, account lock or prize.
  2. A link takes you to a copy of a real website.
  3. You enter login, card or personal details, which go straight to the criminal.
  4. The details are used immediately or sold, sometimes followed by a call from a fake “fraud team”.

Red flags

  • Small, urgent payments (“pay £1.99 to rebook delivery”).
  • Links with odd spellings or extra words in the address.
  • Generic greetings and pressure to act quickly.
  • Requests for codes sent to your phone.

A real-world example

The FBI’s Internet Crime Complaint Center has warned about mass text campaigns impersonating toll operators across many US states, built with “phishing-as-a-service” kits that let criminals send millions of messages.

How to protect yourself

  • Don’t click links in unexpected messages; type the website address yourself.
  • Turn on two-factor authentication, preferably with an app or passkey.
  • Forward scam texts to your phone network (7726 in the UK and US).
  • Use a password manager — it won’t autofill on fake sites.

If it happened to you

  • If you entered card details, call your bank and cancel the card.
  • If you entered a password, change it everywhere you used it and turn on two-factor authentication.
  • Watch for follow-up calls pretending to be your bank’s fraud team.
  • Report the message to your national reporting service.

Step-by-step help by country: I’ve been scammed — what now?

The rules

Singapore’s Shared Responsibility Framework requires telcos to block SMS from unregistered senders, and Australia’s Scams Prevention Framework covers telecoms. Many countries now require sender-ID registration for business texts.

Source: www.ic3.gov

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